Duchess of Weaselskin

Bayfield, Colorado - With March being Women's History month NW Okie told me in an affable emphatical manner to be sure you let you know that The OkieLegacy newsletter will be honoring Women's History throughout the month of March. We believe it is very important, especially now, to honor the 19th through 20th century Suffrage movements for Women's Rights and equality for all.

We searched through past records and found a home movie that Jack Kelsey had taken around 1946 or 1947 of the Kelsey Airport. The two young boys at the beginning of this movie are the Kelsey cousins, Bill Dean and Barry (Barry says he was eight years of age). Also, you might be able to spot a young Gene McGill in this Kelsey home movie. Gene McGill is wearing a hat and a plaid, woolen jacket.



Recently we received the following comment from S. Eugene Cohlmia concerning the Kelsey Airport of Waynoka, Oklahoma, which became the TWA (T.A.T) Airport in the early days when Lindberg tried to get the city of Waynoka to purchase the TAT Airport.

S. Eugene Cohlmia commented on OkieLegacy Ezine, Vol. 7, Iss. 45, Feature #1043 concerning Kelsey Airfield - Waynoka, Oklahoma. Mr. Cohlmia says, "I don't know how many of you might know this, but the Kelsey Airport became the TWA Airport. My Father Charley Cohlmia and his friend Lindy Lindberg tried to get the City of Waynoka to purchase the TWA Airport for $1 (yes one dollar) but the City fathers didn't think much of flying for the only people who flew were those Movie Stars who arrived in Waynoka on the Santa Fe then took the plane to Chicago or New York."

Cohlmia remembers, "I recall meeting Lindy Lindberg when I was about nine years old. He arrived from the west coast and walked to our grocery store across from the Post Office. Introduced himself to my Father asking if there was a Jeweler in town. My father queried Mr. Lindberg and he said he broke his watch and needed to have it fixed, whereupon my Father sent him to the jewelery store up the street. He called the jeweler and told him to give Lindy a new watch and not charge him for it. That is how my Father and Mr. Lindberg became friends and eventually tried to get the City to purchase the Airport. As most of us know the City said no so it was sold to Wichita Kansas for $1. Look it up in the archives. ~ S. Eugene Cohlmia."

What about those tornadoes hitting the mid-west this last week. Some have mentioned it has been a strange events of weather this year. Here in southwest corner of Colorado a few days ago we had a couple or so winter fronts come through from the West and Northwest quadrant of America. They say our temperatures will be rising into the mid-50's this week sometime. So . . . If March comes in like a "lion" it goes out like a "lamb," huh?

Sandie Olson says, "According to former Waynokan, Harlan Koch, Waynoka was often the hottest town in the United States. We had one of the 3 weather stations in Oklahoma which is why Waynoka was always in The Oklahoma Daily. Also in the paper was Presidio, Texas down in the big bend country. It was as hot as Waynoka on many occasions. So, we always watched to see if we were the hottest in all of the USA (according to The Daily Oklahoman)."

Sandie goes on to say, "Harlan's father owned the Majestic Theater in Waynoka. Harlan graduated from West Point. He's the author of Homer's Place, which is a biographical novel that I highly recommend to everyone. It's about growing up in Waynoka. We have a few left at the museum gift shop."

Women Matter & Are Important

A few questions from this Duchess Pug for us all to ponder carefully so we can react responsibly. In no way do we want to cram our beliefs down those who think differently than us . . . and vice versa. It is merely something to think about seriously before each make their own decision on the matters before us today. Those questions are:

1. Why are State and National Congress bodies and Insurance companies denying payments for woman's preventive health care needs when the health insurance companies pay for a man's preventive health care for viagra and condoms?
2. Isn't this a form of hypocrisy on the part of the State & National GOP Congress and health insurance companies?
3. Why has State Congress passed ridiculous bills denying women their right to control their own health care needs? Are they attempting it now?
4. Are we headed backwards to a time in the eighteenth and nineteenth century where the man's wife and children were only considered property for him to control? Where only one third of the white men, owning land could vote or be educated?
5. Why is the GOP declaring "War On Women?"

On This Day In History (March 5th)

America - It was on this date in history, March 5th, 1946, when Winston Churchill delivered his famous "Iron Curtain" speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri. Great Britain's wartime Prime Minister asserted that a mere balance of power in the world today would be too narrow a margin and would only offer "temptations to a trial of strength." On the contrary, he added that the English-speaking peoples must maintain an overwhelming preponderance of power on their side until "the highroads of the future will be clear, not only for our time but for a century to come."

On This Date: March 5th

• 1770 - The Boston Massacre took place as British soldiers, taunted by a crowd of colonists, opened fire, killing five people.
• 1867 - An abortive Fenian uprising against English rule took place in Ireland.
• 1933 - The Nazi Party won 44 percent of the vote in German parliamentary elections, enabling it to join with the Nationalists to gain a slender majority in the Reichstag.
• 1953 - Soviet dictator Josef Stalin died at age 73 after nearly three decades in power.
• 1963 - Country music singer Patsy Cline died in a plane crash near Camden, Tenn., at age 30. View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (0 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---

  NW Okie's Corner

  

  Bayfield, Colorado - Have you ever wonder "If" your ancestor's had participated in the Suffrage movement of the 1850's and the Women's Suffrage movement of the 19th & 20th century? If you could go back before your ancestors had died to ask them about their involvement in the Suffrage movements, what would you ask them? It would help fill-in a few pieces of the puzzle to be able to interview them today!
  
  Since I have been piecing together the puzzle of my grandparent's and family ancestry, I have discovered an interesting part of myself through the "Who," "Why," "Where" and "What" my pioneer ancestor's went through before and after they emigrated from their native soils of Holland, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Austria-Hungary, Germany, United Kingdom and perhaps even the western portion of Russia. Piecing the ancestry puzzle has been interesting, but hard work at times!
  
  Our ancestor's journeyed across the vast ocean for months on end as either indentured servants, political and/or religious refugees just to immigrate to a "New World" for a "New Beginning" that was promised to them as a life free of political, religious and financial persecution.
  
  I have discovered that I have grown beyond my Northwest Oklahoma upbringing only to become a more global human being. Discovering my family roots and history of where they settled; how they lived; and what they endured. It has given me a new perspective of their lives, mine and others. For instance, our Dutch ancestry settled in Flatland (Long Island), New Amsterdam (New York). As for the German, Irish, Welsh, Scots and British, we find those ancestors settling in the Pendleton, Bath and Highland areas in the mountains and Valleys of Virginia during the eighteenth century. Some coming through the Carolina's where their ships docked after months of traveling across the vast ocean from their native lands.
  
  Our Bohemian roots came through Ellis Island only to move westward to Nebraska before moving down to Kansas and Oklahoma Territory. After landing in America, our German ancestors moved through Pennsylvania, finally settling in the Pendleton area of Virginia.
  
  As we look back to our beginnings of the OkieLegacy Ezine newsletter, we find it was the Spring of 1998 when Oakie's Heart To Heart emerged with today's "NW Okie" going by the icon of "Okie Belle." From the Spring of 1998 we grew, aged gracefully through the years to the present, finding ourselves growing beyond our Northwest Oklahoma roots, moving as a "Soaring Eagle" to a "Global NW Okie."
  
  It has been an interesting journey for the last fourteen (14) years, regretting none of it! The ups and downs, especially the downs, have helped make this NW Okie a stronger, determined woman!
  
  Yes! I am Strong! I am Woman! I may or may not be invincible! You might hear me roar from time to time when I see injustice unfairly used to spread "Libel & Slander" in defamation of someone or someone's family personal character. I believe in Equality for all genders, culturals and races around the World. I also believe in using good-natured compromise between rival parties!
  
  Good Night & Good Luck researching your family ancestry! View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (0 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---

  100 Years Ago Today March 5, 1912

  

  San Francisco, California - The San Francisco Call, in San Francisco, dated Tuesday, March 5, 1912 main page bold headlines at the top read: "Taft Followers, Confident of Victory, Organize." There was a photo with this caption, "Mrs. Clara Shortridge Foltz addressing the 300 women who yesterday formed the woman's State Taft Republican Club at the Palace Hotel. The Woman on the extreme left, with the gavel is Mrs. Abbie E. Krebs, president of the club; Between her and the speaker is Mrs. Belinda A. Bailey, secretary of the club, and behind the speaker is Mrs. Goodman Lowenthal. One of the active workers. The other women in the picture are district leaders and workers in the cause of the renomination and re-election of President William Howard Taft."
  
  Below the photo is another headline that read, "Women Prepare To Wage Fight," with the sub-headlines of "From Now On New Voters of The State Will Talk Only Politics for Taft." It was written by Arthur L. Price, and starts with, "Three hundred California women, zealously devoted to the cause of the re-election of William Howard Taft, president of the United States, assembled in the palace hotel yesterday afternoon and established the Woman's State Taft Republican club. This organization will be the central Taft body for women of the state, and under its direction allied clubs will be formed in each assembly district of California to secure the election of a California delegation to the national republican convention pledged to the renomination of Taft and his subsequent election."
  
  Reading the article we find that Abbie E. Krebs was unanimously elected president, Mrs. Belinda S. Bailey secretary and Mrs. Robert E. Oxnard, treasurer. Mrs. Clara Shortridge Foltz was chosen chairman of the committee on permanent organization and delivered the chief address of the afternoon.
  
  Mrs. Abbie E. Krebs, San Francisco read a dispatch from the White House during the course of her opening address: "Mrs. Abbie E. Krebs, San Francisco. Your telegram received. I warmly appreciate the support of the good women of California, to have whose confidence is to merit success. - William H. Taft."
  
  The story continues on page 5, of The San Francisco Call with headlines, "Women Laud President Record of Achievement." It stated, "In this era of equal suffrage for women, it behooves us, as representatives of California, to take our appointed places in the field of political activity and, with progressive spirit but conservative action, to assume our share of the burden and the responsibility of securing a just and economical administration of the affairs of the state and the nation."
  
  President Taft endeared himself to the women of the nation through his promulgation of arbitration treaties in the interests of universal peace among the nations. He also gave force to a real and vital policy for the conservation of national resources of the great west. He displayed his friendship for California by securing to us the Panama-Pacfic international exposition to commemorate the opening of the great Panama canal and the dawn of a new commercial era in promotion and exploitation of the resources of the Pacific slope. Taft also compelled throughout the country the enforcement of the law with equal and exact justice in common to all. He gave effective force to the campaign for equitable workmen's compensation and employers' liability. Taft's efforts and his recommendations have been effectually directed to the suppression of the so called white slave traffic.
  
  Taft had shown to the nations of the world that all the citizens of the United States would be protected at home and abroad in their rights and liberties. He had proclaimed his unfaltering belief in the courts of the United States; he had tempered justice with mercy, yet had never hesitated to right a wrong. Taft had shown by word and act that neither race, creed nor condition debars any citizen from the highest offices in his personal gift and appointment.
  
  The page 5 article finished with, "By reason of these and other eminent qualifications as an executive it has been fully demonstrated that our president is a statesman of rare constructive ability, that he has revered the traditions and has been true to the highest ideals of the great republican organization of which he is the leader."
  
  "Now, therefore, be it resolved, that we, in behalf of the republican women voters of California, do pledge to William Howard Taft our loyal support for renomination for and election to the office of president of the United States, and that we shall use every honorable means to secure for him a solid California delegation to the republican national convention."
  
  Does this sound like the Republican of the 21st century? View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (0 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---

  Highland County Virginia - Under the British Crown

  Highland County, Virginia - This week's journey through the early day of Highland County, Virginia takes us to Chapter IX of Oren Frederic Morton's book entitled, The History of Highland County, Virginia. It deals with Highland under the British Crown; Settlers after the Indian War; Pioneer Homes; Manner of life; Farming customs, roads, mills and Taverns; Church and School interests organization of Augusta; County courts, punishments, lawsuits wills, deeds and surveys and White servants.
  
  When the war for Independence broke out, there was a considerable population in these valleys. The favored localities after the Indian war were the heads of the Cowpasture and Bullpasture rivers, the Crabbottom, and the vicinity of Vanderpool Gap.
  
  James Burnside lived on the Bodkin homestead for a number of years. Andrew Lockridge in 1774 purchased a large boundary of land in the Bullpasture Valley just above the Bath line. Dawson Wade lived near the mouth of Davis Run, but sold to William Steuart and went to Boteourt. Edward Hines was on Crab Run in 1768. At Doe Hill, Abraham Hempenstall became a neighbor to the Wilsons. Tully Davitt lived in the same neighborhood, but at the close of 1775 he sold to John Hiner. John McCoy was another neighbor by 1733. It is said that in coming through Panther Gap most of McCoys seed potatoes fell into the river. On the Cowpasture, George Benson purchased in 1776 at the run which bears his name. In the near vicinity there is mention of William Renick and William and Francis Jackson. Higher up the river was Henry Erwin in 1772.
  
  The limestone soils of Bullpasture Mountain caused this upland to be thought the only one much worthy of being reduced to private ownership. The first entry we find here was that of William Price as early as 1754. In 1772, Thomas Wright appears to have been living on the mountain and he was soon followed by others, in the section above the turnpike.
  
  The Middle Valley is where we find that George Nicholas came to the Forks of the Waters in 1770. The first entry on Straight Creek proper seems that of David Bell in 1771. The Bell's were for some time considerable landholders in Highland, and at an early day appear to have lived here. A little over the Monterey divide was David Frame in 1767, and "Frame's Cabbin" is spoken of as a well known landmark. His neighbors about Vanderpool Gap were Robert and John Dinwiddie, William Given and James Morrow. Robert Dinwiddie was a man of some education and property, but the notion that he was the same as Governor Robert Dinwiddie is entirely wrong. The latter had no sons and after his term of office went back to England and died there. But that the pioneer was a relative is very possible. Down the river at the mouth of Dry Branch was Robert Wiley, In 1773.
  
  Peter Hull sold his farm in the Valley of Virginia and became a heavy purchaser in the center of Crabbottom in 1765. Below him were Bernard Lantz about this time, Michael Arbogast and John Gum in 1766, Pallor Naigley in 1768, and Peter Zickafoose in 1772.
  
  The raid on the Wilsons one half of Highland was still an unbroken forest, yet there were more than fifty households scattered a long the river bottoms of the other half. This region had begun to take on the semblance of stable community, and was not with Highland as with the remote regions of the Appalachians. The distance to the seaboard was not prohibitive, and the people did not mean to lie outside the pale of civilization.
  
  The usual type of Highland dwelling was the round log cabin, with a single door, a stick and daub chimney and one or two little openings closed by shutters. The building was small, low and hastily constructed. It was the offspring of necessity, just as was the sod house on the far Western prairies. This single-roomed house were neatly or slovenly kept depended on the habits of those who lived in them.
  
  The settler who wished to live in decent quarters put up a well-built structure of hewn logs, supplied it with a massive chimney of hewn stone. It accommodated the parents and the eight, ten or fifteen children who shared the house with them. Nails were made by the blacksmith and were sparingly used. Wooden pins being a substitute. Window panes were not only small but few, since it was tedious and expensive to bring glass from the seaports. Boards used were made by the slow, toilsome process of whipsawing. The roof was clapboards held down by weight poles that took the place of shingles.
  
  The clapboards gave place at length to shingles, the walls were weatherboarded, the windows became larger, and the rooms were veiled. The yawning fireplace was closed up and a stove set in front of it. Houses of brick or stone were even rare. After the steam sawmills came into being no more log houses were built.
  
  It was the rule among all classes all people wore homespun and lived on cornbread and wild meat and fish. Spoons were of pewter or wood. Furniture was handmade. The barns and stable were primitive and were not needed for housing farm implements. The livestock had to be strongly penned to keep off the wolves, panthers and bears. The tilled area was very small. The pioneer grew no more than what his family and his livestock could consume. pasture lands were even small and trees were cut down for the farm animals to browse upon the twigs. The pioneer farm was well supplied with cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. Animals could walk to market and were the chief agricultural resource. Sheep were necessary, because the only woolen goods were those made on the hand loom in the farmhouse. The sowing of a half-bushel of flax was considered good for fifty to seventy-five yards of cloth.
  
  Wallace Estill was directed 29 May 1751 to clear a road from his mill to a road already opened to the head of the Calfpasture. The settlers appointed by the court to help him were Loftus Pullin, Richard Bodkin, Samuel Ferguson, Matthew Harper, John Miller, William Price, James Anglen, James Hall, Philip Phegan, John Shaw, Hackland Wilson, two John Carliles, and Robert and William Carlile. By petition of May 18, 1753, this road was extended from Estill's mill to William Wilson's mill on Bolar Run. Stephen Wilson and Hugh Hicklin were overseers for this section, and to work under them were John Miller, William and John Wilson, Samuel and Robert Gay, Robert and John Carlile, John and Thomas Hicklin, and Loftus Pullin.
  
  This thoroughfare was 32 miles long and was the first public road in Highland. It was no more than a narrow lane through the woods, to be traveled by horses with packsaddles. According to law, posts of direction were to be set up at necessary points. The neglected wagon path up the west face of Jack Mountain from Bolar appears to be the course of this old road.
  
  The house of public entertainment was called an ordinary, and the prices it charged for its services were regulated by the county court with Greg Minuteness. Taverns were too few to keep the rates down.
  
  We will have more on Highland county and chapter nine next week in the OkieLegacy Ezine. View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (0 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---

  Women's Suffrage History In America

  

  Chicago, Illinois - This week's OkieLegacy Ezine celebrates our ancestors who fought for "Women's Rights" going back to when it began at the National Women's Suffrage Association in Chicago in 1880. If only we could go back while our grandmother's were still alive to ask them their thoughts on the Women's Suffrage movement in America! Did they participate or following with an intense and passionate feeling for "Rights of All Women and human beings?"
  
  The first women's rights convention took place in Seneca Falls, N.Y., in July 1848. The declaration that emerged was modeled after the Declaration of Independence. Written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. It claimed that "All men and women are created equal" -- "The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman." Following a long list of grievances were resolutions for equitable laws, equal educational and job opportunities, and the right to vote.
  
  It was a group of middle-class, mixed with professional women, who revived organized suffrage activity in the mid-1880's when they founded the Cook County Suffrage Association. In 1890's the Chicago area movement gained significant momentum when the rift in the National Suffrage movement was healing over whether to seek National or state-by-state suffrage.
  
  In 1901, Catharine Waugh McCulloch led a small movement to secure women taxpayers' right to elect township officials who assessed and collected taxes. This was a time when Suffragist women expanded their focus in scurrying municipal suffrage for all women to protect their homes and families in the city. In 1906, the Suffragists seized upon Chicago's attempt to write a new municipal charter to demand that any new charter legislation include municipal suffrage for all women. The charter failed to include municipal suffrage. A hundred women's organizations, which included working-class and immigrant women, waged a successful campaign to urge male voters to defeat the charter when it was put before Chicago voters in late 1907. It was in 1910 when many of the most active suffragists organized their own Suffragist Party.
  
  The movement crossed class, race and ethnic boundaries. According to Encyclopedia Chicago History. "Restaurant worker Elizabeth Maloney led the Self-Supporting Women's Equal Suffrage Association. Glove-worker, Agnes Nestor, journeyed to Springfield in 1909 to lobby for suffrage, along with the leader of the Jewish Chicago Woman's Aid, Flora Witkowsky. Women's clubs of the city's settlement houses distributed suffrage leaflets and sold buttons declaring "Votes for Women" on one side and "Women's Trade Union League" on the other side. When the Socialist Party held its national convention in Chicago in 1908, Chicagoan Corinne Brown led socialist women in organizing a separate meeting to establish women's organizations to pursue suffrage.
  
  In 1913, Ida B. Wells-Barnett organized the Alpha Suffrage Club of African American Women. Chicagoan Mary Fitzbutler Waring was a leading African American campaigner for woman suffrage, while Chicagoan Mary C. Bryon was named one of the few African American organizers in the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Thousands of working women joined the Wage Earners' Suffrage League organized by Emma Steghagen.
  
  It was not until 1913 when the Illinois legislature gave all women of the state suffrage for local and national elections. BUT . . . Because women's citizenship was tied to her husband's citizenship by a National Law of 1907, many women could NOT vote. More than 150,000 Chicago women registered to vote in the Spring of 1914. The campaign continued because many of the Chicago area women remained unwilling to settle or anything short of full political equality. Only full suffrage came with the National Amendment in 1920 with Chicago playing its final role in the Women's Suffrage Movement. The National American Woman Suffrage Association was disbanded and replaced with the "League of Women Voters.
  
  Below is a small list of some of the Suffrage and the Women behind it as it dates back to the Session of National Woman's Suffrage Association in Chicago, 1880. The campaign for women's suffrage began in the decades before the Civil War, though. It gained momentum in the 1850's, led by abolitionist activists such as Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Alice Paul.
  
  

  1. Lucy Stone: Born in 1818, Lucy Stone lectured for the American Anti-Slavery Society and founded the weekly feminist newspaper The Woman's Journal. She is known for her refusal to change her last name when she married fellow abolitionist Henry Blackwell.
  2. Susan B. Anthony in December 1898: Perhaps the most well-known women's rights activist in American history, Susan B. Anthony was born in 1820 and raised as a Quaker. She dedicated her life to numerous causes, including universal suffrage, women's property rights, the abolition of slavery and temperance.
  3. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Along with the abolitionist and temperance activist Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first women's rights convention, which took place in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York. She served as the first president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association.
  4. Alice Paul Toasting Tennessee's Ratification of the 19th Amendment, August 1920: The leader of the suffrage movement's most militant wing, Alice Paul advocated "unladylike" tactics such as civil disobedience and hunger strikes. In 1920, she proposed an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution, which has never been ratified.
  5. Suffragist Parade in New York City, May 1912: Women's rights activists continued their efforts throughout the first two decades of the 20th century. While World War I slowed the suffragists' campaign, war efforts by women ultimately helped them advance their argument.
  6. Suffragettes Celebrate the Passing of the 19th Amendment: On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was finally ratified, granting American women the right to vote.
  View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (0 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---

  Suffrage History In America

  Chicago, Illinois - Though the Chicago women did not win complete suffrage until 1920, the first women's organization to raise the suffrage issue directly was the Chicago Sorosis Club, founded by Mary Livermore, Myra Bradwell, and Kate Doggett in 1868. It was this founding, the Sorosis confronted the issue of whether to concentrate on securing women's rights alone, or to promote a universal suffrage that included black suffrage and rejected any property or education requirements for voting.
  
  The dilemma split the Sorosis, as it did the National Suffrage movement, and any united effort for suffrage disappeared in February, 1869 when both sides held woman suffrage conventions and each group formed its own association." - http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1217.html
  
  There was a letter from Mrs. Jane Graham Jones concerning the suffrage question - Mme. MacMahon and Mme. Theirs. It was published in Meuton, France, March 10, 1878. It begins with "My Dear Mrs. Harbert: Although far from the center of agitation, I hail with lively joy each step of progress that echoes to me across the sea." If you move down through the letter from Jane Graham Jones to the end of the letter with the subheading, "Women Are Troublesome," Mrs. Jones continues and quotes Socrates:
  
  "The great question the ages has been how to keep them in a state of subjection. Socrates, the greatest of philosophers, said: I would, O. Crito, that the multitude could effect the greatest evils, that they might effect the greatest good; for then it would be well. But now they can do neither, for they can make a man neither wise nor foolish; but they do whatever chances.
  
  Jane goes on to say, "The greatest of philosophers thought evil doers a more hopeful growth than irresponsible actors or nonentities. I am one of those who think that all agitations and upheavals are the volcanic results of natural causes, and that Providence molds, shapes, directs, and adapts all things for the preservation, progress, amelioration and happiness of mankind. Let us have faith. Yours sincerely, J. G. Jones." View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (0 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---

  The 75 Suffragists of America

  America - At the end of the 18th century, individual liberty was being hotly debated. It was because of the Suffragists working for the American woman's right to vote that finally happened in April, 1920. Their political roles have been minimal until 1984 a major political party chose Geraldine Ferraro of New York to run for Vice-President.
  
  The following is a list of some Suffragists of America in the mid-1800's. Not all 75 listed at 75 Suffragists. You can check out the full list to see if your ancestors were among those listed.
  

  1. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL (Orange, NJ) Sept. 14, 1857 - March 15, 1950, daughter of Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell, "the child of the regiment," Boston U., leading suffrage writer and journalist, edited The Woman's Journal for 35 years, helped merge rival suffrage groups into National American Woman Suffrage Association 1890, became recording secretary, lectured, wrote mother's biography, translated Russian, Armenian, Yiddish and other oppressed peoples' poetry, supported LaFollette 1924 and Sacco and Vanzetti in her 60s, went blind, cheated by business agent, supported by friends, died at 98, "urged women to remain an autonomous moral force in politics."
  2. HARRIOT STANTON BLATCH (Seneca Falls, NY) Jan. 20, 1856 - Nov. 20, 1940, daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Vassar, married Englishman and lost citizenship, 2 children, lived for 20 years in England, militant leader and fiery speaker, lobbyist, New York organizer, brought new life to suffrage movement, founded Equality League of Self Supporting Women 1907, later the Women's Political Union, recruited working women to suffrage, organized first large U.S. suffrage parades, marched on Albany.
  3. LUCY BURNS (Brooklyn, NY) July 28, 1879 - Dec. 22, 1966, red-headed Irish Catholic, Vassar, Yale Grad. School, organizer in England, arrested, founded Congressional Union with political partner Alice Paul, militant suffrage organizer and widely respected leader, lobbyist, speaker, teacher, editor, hunger striker. "Lucy Burns brought a fierceness and resoluteness to the American woman suffrage movement that was rarely equaled. Praised by Alice Paul as 'a thousand times more valiant than I,' Burns in her poise and strength of character was a rallying symbol for the more faint hearted...when the militant phase of the National Woman's Party ended, she had spent more time in jail than any other American suffragist." (Sidney R. Bland in Notable American Women)
  4. JULIA WARD HOWE (New York City) May 27, 1819 - Oct. 17, 1910, author of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" 1861, married, 6 children, named home outside Boston "Green Peace," called for a women's peace movement 1870, a founder and leader with Lucy Stone of American Woman Suffrage Association, for 20 years edited and contributed to the great weekly The Woman's Journal, popular lecturer, poet and playwright, leader in woman's club movement, "wherever she went she founded clubs" including Wisconsin 1876 and San Francisco 1888, became "The Dearest Old Lady in America," first woman elected to American Academy of Arts and Letters.
  5. ADDIE D. WAITES HUNTON (Norfolk, VA) June 11, 1875 - June 21, 1943, married, lost 2 of 4 children as infants, Atlanta and Brooklyn, NY, YMCA worker with Black troops in France during WWI, organizer with National Association of Colored Women, NAACP field secretary, challenged National Woman's Party to support Black women, "No women are free until all women are free."
  6. ABIGAIL JEMIMA HUTCHINSON (Milford, NH) Aug. 29, 1829 - Nov. 24, 1892, called Abby, singer, feminist, reformer, toured country with 3 brothers as widely popular singing troupe The Hutchinson Family, shy, attractive, with rich and melodious voice, "the sweet canary of New Hampshire," sang against slavery and for peace, temperance and women's rights, married Ludlow Patton, lived in New Jersey, organized with Lucy Stone Vermont Woman Suffrage Association, sang at national women's rights conventions in 1850s, "I have seen but few men who are thoroughly just to women."
  7. BELLE CASE LaFOLLETTE (Wisconsin) April 21, 1859 - Aug. 18, 1931, Wisconsin progressive leader, political partner and wife of Senator Robert Marion LaFollette, 4 children, U. of Wisc., and law school as a young mother, lectured, wrote, worked for peace and racial equality, established LaFollette's Weekly Magazine, active in Wisconsin, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Oregon campaigns, Washington hostess, turned down late husband's Senate seat - and chance to be first woman Senator (her son won), Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, known for sound judgment.
  8. MARY ELIZA MAHONEY (Roxbury MA) April 16, 1845 - Jan. 4, 1926, first Black woman to become a trained nurse 1879, New England Hospital for Women and Children, strong supporter of suffrage, one of first women to register and vote in Boston.
  9. CATHARINE GOUGAR WAUGH McCULLOCH (Ransomville, NY) June 4, 1862 - April 20, 1945, lawyer, Union College of Law, Chicago, met prejudice against women lawyers, married lawyer, 4 children, wrote key bill providing for woman suffrage in presidential elections, submitted for 20 years before passed in Illinois 1913, important strategic breakthrough, copied in other states, National American Woman Suffrage Association adviser and officer, spoke widely, started suffrage auto tours, organized midwestern suffrage conventions, elected Evanston Justice of the Peace.
  10. ALICE STOKES PAUL (Moorestown, NJ) Jan. 11, 1885 - July 9, 1977, Quaker, Swarthmore, U. of Penn. PhD., chief strategist for the militant suffrage wing, founder of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage and the National Woman's Party, author of the Equal Rights Amendment, organizer of the 1913 parade in Washington DC, jailed 3 times in England and 3 times in the US, waged hunger strike in prison, hospitalized, force-fed and treated as insane, law degree in 1922, international organizer, influenced charter of the United Nations.
  11. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (Johnstonw, NY) Nov. 12, 1815 - Oct. 26, 1902, brilliant woman's rights leader, influenced by father's law office, married abolitionist, omitted word "obey" from ceremony, felt a woman should not submerge her identity in marriage, 7 children, with Lucretia Mott, Mary McClintock, Jane Hunt and Martha Wright issued call to first woman's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York 1848, wrote "Declaration of Sentiments" declaring that "men and women are created equal," proposed that women should vote, suffered ridicule and criticism, intellectual, free thinker, used pseudonym "Sun Flower," political partner for 50 years with Susan B. Anthony, popular speaker and forceful writer, drafted resolutions, wrote speeches, ran for Congress 1866, edited The Revolution, president of National Woman Suffrage Association for 21 years, agitated for constitutional amendment from 1887 onward, author of The Woman's Bible disputing the Bible's derogatory treatment of women, honored by 6,000 at the Metropolitan Opera House on 80th birthday, called "The Grand Old Woman of America."
  12. LUCY STONE (Massachusetts) Aug. 13, 1818 - Oct. 18, 1893, first Massachusetts woman to earn a college degree, taught and did housework while at Oberlin, William Lloyd Garrison wrote, "She is a very superior young woman, and has a soul as free as the air," married Henry Blackwell, became known for keeping own name to protest restrictive marriage laws, 2 children, son died after birth, spoke for abolition and women's rights, organized own lectures, eloquent and sincere, led in calling the first national woman's rights convention at Worcester, Massachusetts 1850, converted Susan B. Anthony and Julia Ward Howe to suffrage, refused to pay taxes to protest lack of representation, pressed for both Black and woman suffrage, founder of American Woman Suffrage Association 1869 and leading spirit in New England, published and edited influential weekly The Woman's Journal with husband and later daughter for 47 years, first person to be cremated in New England, dying words to daughter were "Make the world better."
  View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (0 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---

  News on Women's Suffrage (1881 & 1885)

  

  America - [Click images for larger view.] -- We begin with this mention of an article we found in the National Republican, Wednesday, 19 January 1881, with headlines that read, "Bound To Vote" and Woman's Suffrage Association thirteenth yearly convention and the Nott Memorial Services with speeches by prominent workers in the cause with Squire Lockwood advising the study of the law.
  
  This was the thirteenth annual convention of the National woman's Suffrage Association, called to order in Lincoln Hall at ten o'clock by president Mrs. Stanton who announced that the first session would be devoted to a memorial service in honor of the late Mrs. Lucretia Mott, one of the pioneers in the cause of universal suffrage. Mrs. Stanton opened the discussion with a speech, in which she reviewed the work accomplished by the association, and concluded with a forcible argument, portraying the ultimate success of the suffrage movement.
  
  Mrs. Belva A. Lockwood was introduced as the first speaker, who stated that her subject for the evening was Why Women should Practice Law, but the main object of the convention, was to decide whether or not women should vote. Mrs. Lockwood was in favor of an educational qualification, and women should be compelled to exercise their privilege at the polls. Lockwood supposed that there was a class of women who did not desire to vote and that they simply represented an element willing to shirk any duty. Lockwood went on to state that women should learn that this privilege would protect them."
  
  Mrs. Lockwood continued, "Take the cases of Elizabeth Tilton, Aate Sprague and Mrs. Christiancy - what had been done to them showed that no protection would be afforded them when they stood in the way of some man's greed, avarice or ambition. It was back then that women were voting for school officers in thirteen States of the Union, and it was Governor Long, of Massachusetts, in his message to the Massachusetts Legislature, recommended the granting of suffrage to women, as it would be better for the State and tend to make it much stronger. Women should study law for their own protection and in order to discriminate between just and pernicious laws, that they might see that men represented them at the polls correctly. It was their duty to mold the minds of the rising generation, and that they could be trusted to do this was evidenced by the fact that three-fourths of the public school teachers of this country were women."
  
  23 january 1885
  
  On 23 January 1885 -- In the Omaha Bee, Nebraska newspaper on the Suffrage movement. If you scroll down through this page to the headlines, Starving Out the Boomers," there is an article about the Republican's Arkansas City, Kansas, Emporia, Kansas, dated January 22, 1885 that reads as follows, "Gen. Hatch has surrounded the boomers at Stillwater with the intention of starving them out. He allows no one to approach them, but lets any leave who desire. A courier just in reports several leaving already, as the provisions are running short. The Oklahomaites have been trying to raise money here for their relief, but without success. There was no firing done."
  
  Also in the National Republican was mentioned about "The National Woman Suffragist Association Adjourn" under the heading of "Washington News." It reads as follows -- "Woman's Suffrage Association - Today Mrs. Blake, chairman of the committee on plan of work, made a report, which was adopted, recommending that the women of the several states labor with their legislatures for the passage of suffrage laws, and to mark every member antagonizing the measures in favor of women in order to oppose them. The work before congress for the passage of the 16th amendment is to be continued by the women in the several states.
  
  It continues with, "They are also requested to oppose the re-election of senators and representatives voting against woman suffrage. The vice-presidents were requested to obtain, if possible, the passage of resolutions by their respective state legislatures recommending to congress the adoption of the 16th amendment. The question of municipal suffrage was discussed at some length. it was stated that school suffrage had been granted in twelve states. At a public meeting this afternoon addresses were made by Mrs. Diggs, Kansas; Clara B. Colby, Nebraska, and Dr. Alice B. Stockham, Chicago. In the evening session addresses were made by Laura Deforce Gordon, California; Matilda Joslyn Gage and Susan B. Anthony. The association closed its annual session by an able speech by Elizabeth Cady Stanton." View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (0 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---

  When Clowns Make Laws ....

  

  America - When Clowns Make Laws . . . is taken from the selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (November 12, 1815 - October 26, 1902) was an American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early woman's movement. Her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the first women's rights convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, is often credited with initiating the first organized woman's rights and woman's suffrage movements in the United States.
  
  The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony begins with Volume IV, "When Clowns Make Laws for Queens 1880 to 1887," ISBN 0-8135-2320-6edited by Ann D. Gordon. Total pages displayed online is limited. it includes Feminists U.S. Archives; Suffragists U.S. Archives; Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 1815-1902 Archives; anthony, Susan Brownell, 1820-1902 Archives; Feminish U.S. History, 19th Century Sources; Women Suffrage U.S. Hisotry 19th Century Sources; and more.
  
  "The National protection for National citizens," was the definition given in 1878 to their campaign for a constitutional amendment as it continued to define the political objectives of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan Brownell Anthony through the 1880's. Their movement for woman suffrage sought federal action to override state constitutions that granted voting rights only to males. When the National Woman Suffrage Association launched its campaign, Stonon instructed members of the U.S. Senate that "the primal rights of all citizens should be regulated by the national government - complete equality in civil, political rights everywhere secured."
  
  Between the years, September 1880 through January 1887, Stanton and Anthony grew frustrated in their efforts to win passage of a constitutional amendment guaranteeing woman suffrage. congressional allies remained faithful as popular support for the cause grew. Those who resisted woman suffrage increased their political power and found cultural acceptance for rejecting the premises that women were individuals and should be treated equally with men.
  
  It was through encouragement of National association willing to introduce their constitutional amendment in each Congress, that the 47th Congress (Senate and House), under pressure, created a "Select Committee on Woman Suffrage." It took three times in the Senate and one time in the House before committees reported in favor of the amendment. This progress toward a constitutional amendment attracted wide support from women. Even members of the rival American Woman Suffrage Association joined in petitioning Congress. Just before the amendment came to a vote in the Senate in 1887, petitions arrived from the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the nation's largest, conservative, organization of women.
  
  Members of Congress and Senators spent more time debating whether to disfranchise women who lacked the right. Great Britain's parliament voted to exclude women from the larger franchise provided in the Reform bill of 1884.
  
  It was the end of the Reconstruction period with tight political contests that made even idealistic men fearful on an unpredictable experiment like the enfranchisement of women. It was during the presidential campaign of 1880, that Susan B. Anthony chastised the Republican candidate, James Garfield, for standing on a platform that surrendered what Americans gained through the Civil War -- "Supremacy of the United States government in the protection of citizens in their right to vote."
  
  It was through the revival of the Democratic party and its success in national elections that pull the Republican party toward the political center and away from its commitment to federal guarantees of rights. Democrats held a majority in the House of Representatives for 5 to 7 congressional sessions between 1880 and 1887. Republicans gained a majority in the Senate only to the end of 1883 and struggled to keep it. It was this environment that the federal amendment was blocked by parliamentary maneuvers to avoid debate, mocked in committee reports. It was finally rejected when it reached the floor of the Senate in January 1887. It was during that same month the House and Senate approved laws to strip the women in Utah Territory of their existing right to vote.
  
  Elizabeth Cady Stanton dubbed these times as, "When clowns make laws for queens," in a speech delivered in Providence, Rhode Island!
  
  Is this where we head backwards to where the man's wife and children were only property to control? Where only one third of the white men, owning land could vote? This NW Okie believes women of all ages, races and culturals need to come together and continue preserving, defending our Suffrage Rights that our mothers, grandmothers and great grandmothers fought for in the 19th and 20th century. View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (0 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---

  WW II POW List of Camps

  Berlin, Germany - We received this inquiry this last week concerning Fabian Kuhn is looking for a list of POW camps in Oklahoma during World War II for his grandfather records as a POW during WWII, in the Glennan General Hospital in Okmulgee, Oklahoma. Read his message below.
  
  "Dear Linda, I just discovered your website about the POW camps in Oklahoma and maybe you can help me. I'm searching for my grandfather. Last note I've got about him is, that he was at the Glennan General Hospital in Okmulgee, Oklahoma in July 1945. He became a POW in June 19, 1944 in Montebourg, France (Utah Beach). Number caught 31 G - 201 009. His name was August Kuhn, born in January 18th 1908.
  
  "Do you think there is a possibility to figure out in which camp he was located? How long he stayed there and rather where he did go afterwards? I am really looking forward for your answer. Best regards. ~ Fabian Kuhn, Erich-Weinert-Str. 140, 10409 Berlin, Tel: 030-32518151, Email: faku@gmx.net." View/Write Comments (count 0)   |   Receive updates (1 subscribers)  |   Unsubscribe

  ---